大粒径磨料作用下高铝砖气固冲蚀磨损的"粒径效应"

以平均粒径分别为0.28 mm、0.40 mm、0.52 mm、0.80 mm的棕刚玉为磨料对I等高铝砖进行常温垂直气固冲蚀磨损试验,对磨料和靶材冲后表面进行扫描电镜显微结构分析,在宽粒径范围内研究磨料粒径对靶材耐磨性与冲蚀机制的影响.借助ANSYS/LS-NYNA软件建立多粒子冲蚀模型,分析不同磨料粒径下的冲蚀行为.结果表明:I等高铝砖出现"粒径效应",临界粒径0.40 mm;靶材最大等效应力随磨料粒径的增加而增加;平均粒径≥0.40 mm时磨料发生破碎,0.28 mm、0.40 mm、0.80 mm磨料冲蚀下靶材的主要冲蚀机制分别是基质和骨料微切削、基质和骨料断裂、缺陷处断裂.     

Actuator fault tolerant control using adaptive RBFNN fuzzy sliding mode controller for coaxial octorotor UAV

In this paper, a robust controller for a Six Degrees of Freedom (6 DOF) coaxial octorotor helicopter control is proposed in presence of actuator faults. Radial Base Function Neural Network (RBFNN), Fuzzy Logic Control approach (FLC) and Sliding Mode Control (SMC) technique are used to design a controller, named Fault Tolerant Control (FTC), for each subsystem of the octorotor helicopter. The proposed FTC scheme allows avoiding difficult modeling, attenuating the chattering effect of the SMC, reducing the rules number of the fuzzy controller, and guaranteeing the stability and the robustness of the system. The simulation results show that the proposed FTC can greatly alleviate the chattering effect, good tracking in presence of actuator faults.     

Control Model for Large‐Sized Gantry Type Linear Motor Slider

At present, many industrial carrier devices utilize linear motor sliders. However, a heavier load requires a linear motor (which is an example of a direct drive device) to get higher power, compared with a rotary motor with a ball screw slider (which is an example of an indirect drive device). In order to obtain higher power at a lower cost, a linear slider with multiple motors can be utilized, for example, a gantry type linear motor slider. Moving the gantry type slider requires two linear motors that are set up in parallel to enable synchronization control. Some conventional synchronization control methods have been proposed for the parallel twin linear slider; however, a large‐scaled gantry type linear motor slider has two unique problems: mechanical distortion caused by the limitations of installation environment and coupling caused by joints with low stiffness. This paper proposes a control model to solve these problems, and an identification method of each parameter. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the control model is verified by comparison with simulation results and experimental results.     

Hydrodistillation condition adjustment for different material particle sizes: a method to increase batch‐to‐batch quality consistency

Varying material particle sizes represent a common contributing factor to the batch‐to‐batch variation of extraction yields. To increase the batch‐to‐batch quality consistency of extracts, a method was proposed to adjust the extraction conditions for different material particle sizes, taking the hydrodistillation extraction process of Radix Curcumae and Fructus Gardeniae as a case study. Statistical models were built for five sesquiterpenes including curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone and furanodienone, to quantitatively describe the effects of particle size and process parameters on their extraction yields. An increase in sodium chloride concentration remarkably increased the yields of curcumenone and curcumenol, and a larger solvent‐to‐solid ratio increased the yields of five sesquiterpenes. Under the adjusted process parameters for two different particle sizes, the yield for each compound was controlled to fall in the 90–110% target range. The proposed method can be applied to various extraction processes of foods and herbal medicines.     

The effect of traffic data source on deterioration rates of heavy-duty flexible pavements

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of traffic data source (estimated vs. actual) on predicted progression rates of roughness and rutting for heavy-duty flexible pavements of rural freeways. Progression rates are predicted using calibrated HDM-4 models. The assessment is performed in terms of variations in maintenance intervention timing associated with the variations in progression rates. Time series pavement condition data (covering 3–5 years) have been collected for 7 sections of rural freeways for use in calibrating HDM-4 deterioration models. They range in length from 10 to 60.8 km and cover different traffic volumes, climate zones and subgrade soil types. For these sections, estimated annual average daily traffic (AADT), growth factors and assumed loading have been extracted from relevant database. Only six segments of these sections have Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) sites so relevant actual AADT, growth factors and axle load distributions have been extracted from WIM reports. The results of running the calibrated HDM-4 deterioration models using different traffic data show that actual traffic data from WIM sites result in higher rates of deterioration to that of estimated data for four sites, resulting in earlier intervention timing and higher present value agency cost. The other two sites have lower rates with actual data due to lower traffic loading than estimated.     

抗血小板治疗实验室监测之我见

抗血小板药物在各种动脉血栓性疾病防治中具有重要地位。虽然目前抗血小板药物多采用固定剂量给药,但不同患者对抗血小板治疗的反应性存在明显差异。治疗后的血小板高反应性或低反应性可能与血栓事件或出血事件风险相关。基于血小板功能检测的个体化抗血小板治疗方案可能有助于预防血栓或出血不良事件的发生,但目前仍缺乏上述治疗策略能够最终改善患者预后的确切临床证据。迄今为止,对于接受抗血小板治疗的患者是否应常规进行实验室监测仍存在诸多争议。本文对抗血小板治疗反应多样性的成因及血小板功能检测是否可用于指导个体化抗血小板治疗进行讨论。     

Different durations of whole raw soybean supplementation during the prepartum period: Measures of cellular immune function in transition cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate different durations of whole raw soybean (WS) supplementation (diet rich in n-6 fatty acid) during the prepartum period on cellular immune function of dairy cows in the transition period and early lactation. Thirty-one Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 4 experimental groups (G) [G90, G60, G30, and G0 (control)] supplemented with a diet containing 12% of WS from 90, 60, 30 and 0 d relative to the calving date, respectively. Cows were dried off 60 d before the expected calving date. After parturition, all cows were fed a diet containing 12% of WS until 84 DIM. Blood samples were collected before the morning feeding (d ?56 ± 2, ?28 ± 2, ?14 ± 2, ?7 ± 2, at the day of partum, 7 ± 2, 14 ± 2, 28 ± 2, and 56 ± 2 relative to parturition). Cell phenotyping and phagocytosis assays were carried out using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry technique. Duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the percentage of blood CD3⁺ cells, as well as increased the percentage of blood CD8⁺ cells in the postpartum period, notably in G30, whereas the lowest values were observed in G0. Further, the duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the reactive oxygen species median fluorescence intensity of CH138⁺ cells after phagocytizing Staphylococcus aureus in the postpartum period. Longer periods of WS supplementation linearly increased phagocytosis median fluorescence intensity of CH138⁺ cells in the prepartum period of cows. Duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the percentage of blood CD14⁺ cells producing reactive oxygen species when stimulated either by Staph. aureus or Escherichia coli in the postpartum period. In conclusion, longer periods of WS supplementation during late lactation and the dry period (beginning on d 90 of the expected calving date) alter the leukocyte population and improve neutrophil immune response in the postpartum period with no detrimental effects on cow performance.     

基于京津冀协同发展的资源型企业生态工程建设

自然资源是人类赖以生存的重要资源,随着资源型企业的发展,非再生资源短缺与耗竭状况凸显,环境污染与生态危机非常严峻。京津冀协同发展,必须加强生态环境治理,推进生态文明建设。资源型企业作为京津冀共生体中的基本单元,在京津冀生态文明建设以及产业转型升级中发挥着重要作用。资源型企业生态工程以资源有效利用和环境保护为出发点,重视符合人性化和生态要求的设计,强调经济效益与生态效益之间的协调,旨在提升企业的生命力与综合竞争力。全面推进资源型企业实施生态工程,必须以"绿水青山"理念为引领,树立全员生态责任意识,加强生态工程的科学规划与设计,实现节能减排,提高资源综合利用率,大力推进生态恢复工作,提高生态环境管理水平。     

Cutting parameter optimization for one-step shaft excavation technique based on parallel cutting method

The outcome of the cutting blasting in a one-step shaft excavation is heavily related to the cutting parameters used for parallel cutting method. In this study, the relationships between the cutting parameters (such as the hole spacing L and the empty hole diameter D) and damage zones were investigated by numerical simulation. A damage state index γ was introduced and used to characterize the crushing and crack damage zones through a user-defined subroutine. Two indices, i.e., η₁ and η₂ that can reflect the cutting performance, were also introduced. The simulation results indicate that an optimal value of L can be obtained so that the η₁ and η₂ can reach their optimal states for the best cutting performance. A larger D results in better cutting performance when the L value maintains its best. In addition, the influences of the loading rate and the in-situ stress on the cutting performance were investigated. It is found that an explosive with a high loading rate is suit for cutting blasting. The propagation direction and the length of the tensile cracks are affected by the direction and the magnitude of the maximum principal stress.     

低热水泥混凝土在特高拱坝中应用的可行性分析

针对低热水泥混凝土早期强度低,在大坝主体中应用较少,低热水泥混凝土能否应用于高拱坝工程仍存疑虑的情况,以白鹤滩工程为例,采用室内试验资料对比和有限元仿真结果对比相结合的方法,对白鹤滩拱坝拟采用的中热水泥混凝土和低热水泥混凝土的材料特性和温度应力仿真结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,从材料特性的角度来看,低热水泥与中热水泥混凝土各有优劣,低热水泥混凝土早龄期强度低不利于防裂,但低热水泥的绝热温升低、早期发热慢、弹模小、徐变大这些因素均有利降低整体应力水平,后期强度高则有利于提高后期安全系数,降低开裂风险。此外,有限元计算结果表明,在相同的温控措施和边界条件下,低热水泥混凝土最高温度比中热水泥混凝土低2～3℃,低热水泥混凝土冷却全过程的安全系数均要大于中热水泥混凝土,且在2. 0以上。研究成果进一步证实了低热水泥混凝土比中热水泥混凝土具有更好的抗裂特性,可以应用于特高拱坝,也为白鹤滩拱坝全坝采用低热水泥混凝土提供了重要支撑。